This research investigates zinc batteries as a safer, cheaper alternative to lithium batteries. By studying the microscopic passive layer formed between zinc and electrolyte, it identifies mechanisms that improve performance and prevent failure. The work aims to enable more reliable, ethical, and fire-safe energy storage technologies through detailed materials analysis.

This research addresses overheating in 5G base stations, where vertically mounted electronics create dangerous hotspots. By using passive vapor chamber cooling, heat is efficiently redistributed without added energy use. Experimental and modeling work shows vapor chambers improve reliability and sustainability, supporting faster, more stable 5G and future network infrastructure.