This research develops low-cost gallium arsenide solar-cell manufacturing to accelerate global decarbonization. Gallium arsenide absorbs light far more efficiently than silicon, potentially enabling cheaper and less capital-intensive solar production. By improving scalable manufacturing methods, the work aims to reduce the cost of expanding renewable-energy infrastructure needed to combat climate change.

This research improves electric resistance welding by modelling heat transfer and weld formation physics. By identifying and controlling the weld point location, it replaces trial-and-error with predictive engineering rules. The work enables stronger, safer pipelines, supporting the adoption of advanced materials needed for reliable infrastructure in a clean energy future.

Achieving a carbon-free future requires not only renewable energy generation but also major upgrades to electricity transmission. This research develops electrostatic generators that produce high-voltage DC power more efficiently and sustainably than current technologies. By reducing costs and reliance on rare materials, the work supports grid expansion and large-scale decarbonisation.