This research uses a traffic analogy to explain gas transport challenges in carbon dioxide electrolysis devices. Despite identical porosity, microstructural connectivity determines performance under flooding conditions. Computational modelling reveals how pathway structure affects efficiency, guiding design improvements that enhance CO₂ conversion into fuels and chemicals, supporting scalable and cleaner energy technologies.

This research develops stable, low-cost homogeneous reductants that act like “super glue” for chemical bond formation. By replacing unpredictable metal powders, it enables more efficient, scalable, and affordable chemical synthesis, with major implications for pharmaceuticals, advanced materials, and sustainable industrial chemistry.