This research investigates how coccolithophores—microscopic marine algae that both absorb and release carbon dioxide—have influenced Earth's carbon cycle over the past three million years. Using fossil sediments, geochemistry, and machine learning, it reconstructs past ocean ecosystems to improve predictions of how marine carbon cycling will respond to future climate change.

This research reconstructs 200 years of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability using oxygen isotope records preserved in corals from Christmas Island. By combining coral archives, modern ocean observations, and climate models, it improves understanding of how ENSO is responding to anthropogenic climate change and enhances predictions of future climate extremes.