This research investigates how the shape, size, and surface chemistry of carbon nanomaterials influence their ability to remove contaminants from complex wastewater. By systematically testing nanomaterial variations against pollutants such as microplastics and petroleum derivatives, it aims to establish design rules that enable more effective, real-world water treatment technologies.

This research improves iron oxide nanoparticles for pollutant removal by addressing aggregation issues. Using pectin surface modification, particularly low methoxyl pectin via functionalization, enhances stability and adsorption efficiency. The modified nanoparticles achieve up to 95% methylene blue removal, demonstrating a significant improvement for environmental remediation applications.