This research reinterprets unionization at Carleton University in the 1970s, showing it was driven not only by economic pressures but by feminist activism. Women leaders used unions to challenge inequality, improve working conditions, and advance social justice, reshaping assumptions about labor movements in professional, white-collar environments.

This dissertation explores the lived experiences of African American women in senior leadership roles at Texas higher education institutions. Addressing persistent underrepresentation, the study aims to move beyond awareness by generating actionable strategies to recruit, retain, and advance African American women into leadership positions where they can thrive.