This research provides the first-ever map of the honeybee gut protein interactome to understand how the parasite Nosema disrupts bee health. By isolating gut protein interactions and identifying them via mass spectrometry and computational analysis, the project uncovers how infection alters essential networks, paving the way for targeted, safer treatments for honeybee disease.

This research investigates Trichoderma fungi as a biological control against Armillaria honey fungus, a major plant pathogen with no effective treatment. Forty Trichoderma strains were tested; seven reduced disease in plants and one prevented infection entirely. These findings suggest plants could be inoculated like a “vaccination” to protect forests, crops, and gardens.