This research investigates sound symbolism: the relationship between particular speech sounds and perceived meanings. By analysing animal names in English, French, and Spanish, it examines whether consonants, vowels, and syllable stress correspond with characteristics such as size and danger, helping explain language evolution and potentially informing language learning and word creation.

This research explores how Jamaican patois shapes Toronto slang and identity. Through surveys and interviews, it shows that patois influences everyday speech across diverse communities. Far from trivial slang, it fosters belonging, reflects cultural history, and strengthens social ties, highlighting language as a dynamic, unifying force within the Greater Toronto Area.

This research examines song dialects in vervain hummingbirds, revealing distinct geographic “dialect neighbourhoods” that change over time. Findings suggest possible open-ended vocal learning, a rare trait in hummingbirds. The study highlights parallels between human and animal communication, showing that even small birds possess complex, learned, and evolving vocal systems.