This research investigates carbonatite rocks to understand how critical minerals like rare earth elements form and concentrate. Using radiometric dating and high-resolution imaging, it reconstructs their geological history. This enables more precise exploration, helping Canada locate vital resources needed for clean energy technologies and modern infrastructure while reducing reliance on guesswork.

Using cake as an analogy, this research explains how buried sandstones can store naturally heated water for geothermal energy. By studying rock outcrops, cores, and microscopic structures, the work assesses sandstone quality to unlock reliable, renewable heat for buildings—available year-round as a low-carbon energy source.