This research develops mathematical models to understand how honeybee clusters survive extreme cold without their hive. Using temperature and density equations, the model predicts how bees move, generate heat, and form insulating layers. Accurate simulations could reduce harmful field experiments and provide biologists with a powerful tool for studying bee behaviour.

This project uses virtual reality to turn drug design into a spatial puzzle game. By fitting molecular “drug” shapes into protein grooves—much like Tetris—players can exploit human spatial intuition to explore new treatments. Using Nano Simbox software, VR proved over ten times more effective than other platforms for complex molecular tasks.

This research develops a Minesweeper-inspired algorithm to identify and remove non-essential genes from Mycoplasma genitalium, the smallest known self-replicating organism. The algorithm eliminated 35% of the genome in simulation, offering a path to record-breaking minimal cells and improving bacterial strains used to produce antibiotics, vaccines, fuels, and climate-solution technologies.