Although bumblebees are often considered generalist pollinators, this research shows that different species—and even males and females—prefer specific flowers and scents. By studying floral scent chemistry and bee visitation patterns, the work improves understanding of bee–plant interactions and supports conservation efforts aimed at protecting declining bee populations.

This study reviews how climate change affects European beech distribution and its alignment with the Natura 2000 network. Findings show declines in warm, dry margins, upward shifts in mountains, and limited northern expansion. Water deficit is the main driver. Effective conservation requires connectivity, adaptive management, and climate-informed protected-area planning.