This research investigates whether modifying movement-related sounds can reduce pain and fear in people with knee osteoarthritis. By replacing threatening joint noises with more positive auditory cues, it aims to retrain pain perception, improve rehabilitation outcomes, increase muscle activation, and help patients confidently return to everyday activities.

This research develops a framework for designing haptic technologies in virtual reality that balance immersion and practicality. By accounting for differences in body sensitivity, it introduces affordable, scalable devices—gloves, facial haptics, jackets, and floors—that enable full-body tactile feedback, bringing realistic touch into VR experiences.