This research explores thermoelectric materials that can convert wasted heat into electricity, offering a promising tool against climate change. Inspired by digital thermometers, the work focuses on improving efficiency, stability, safety, and scalability of these materials. The long-term goal is to make energy recycling practical, alongside reducing and reusing energy.

Global plastic waste exceeds 343 million tons annually, and most plastics are not effectively recycled. This research applies biaxial roll milling—an ancient metallurgy process—to strengthen recycled and biodegradable plastics. The technique dramatically improves material toughness without chemicals or high energy, turning low-quality plastic waste into durable, valuable materials.