This thesis explores how bureaucracy shapes human experience in 19th-century Russian literature. Through works by Gogol and Saltykov-Shchedrin, the research develops the concept of the “bureaucratic chronotope,” showing how institutional systems influence perceptions of time, space, consciousness, and social possibility — themes that remain strikingly relevant today.

This research addresses inefficiencies in estate distribution in Malaysia by improving the existing “my land” system. It proposes a connected ecosystem linking agencies, enabling secure data sharing, transparency, and streamlined processes. The goal is to reduce delays and disputes, creating a faster, more trustworthy system that better supports families during bereavement.