This research investigates genetic variants that influence how premature babies respond to infections and oxygen shortages—two major causes of brain injury. By analysing the DNA of over 200 premature infants, the study identifies variants linked to later movement and learning difficulties, aiming to enable earlier prediction, prevention, and personalised care.

A hidden evolutionary arms race unfolds between bacteria and the viruses that attack them. By understanding how bacteria cut and rearrange DNA through recombination, researchers can harness these mechanisms for precise gene editing. This work could enable powerful new treatments for genetic diseases, helping patients like the first personalised-therapy recipient, KJ.