This research examines how physicians' imaging-ordering strategies affect emergency department efficiency. Using electronic health records and an instrumental variable approach based on random physician assignment, the study finds that discretionary batching of imaging tests increases length of stay by 65% and doubles imaging utilization, ultimately reducing patient flow and safety.

This research measures efficiency in Irish public acute hospitals using an efficiency frontier model. Results show significant cost, technical, and allocative inefficiencies, indicating billions in potential savings. Even a 1% improvement in efficiency could save €70 million annually while maintaining patient care levels.